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Alloy Steel :

Alloy steel is a kind of steel that has nearness of certain different components separated from iron and carbon. Ordinarily included components in alloy steel are manganese, silicon, boron, chromium, vanadium and nickel. The amount of these metals in alloy steel is fundamentally reliant upon the utilization of such steel. Normally alloy steel is made to get wanted physical qualities in the steel. The following is a range of improved properties in alloy steels (as compared to carbon steels): strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, hardenability, and hot hardness. To achieve some of these improved properties the metal may require heat treating. 

Carbon Steel :

Carbon steel is otherwise called plain steel and is an alloy of steel where carbon is the primary constituent and no base level of other alloying components is referenced. Carbon steel isn’t stainless steel as it is arranged under alloy steels. As the name infers, carbon content is expanded in the steel making it harder and more grounded through use of warmth application. Be that as it may, expansion of carbon makes the steel less ductile. The weldability of carbon steel is low and higher carbon content additionally brings down the dissolving purpose of the alloy. Of all steel utilized in the US, 85% is carbon steel.

Types of Alloy Steel – 

1. Low-alloy steel :

Among alloy steels, when nickel, chromium, and molybdenum and other alloy components content consist of less than 10.5% are characterized as low alloy steels. Low alloy steels are on the whole weldable, however, for certain steels pre-or post-weld heat treatment is fundamental so as to dodge weld zone splitting. For some, low-alloy steel, the essential capacity of the alloying components is to expand hardenability so as to improve mechanical properties and strength after heat treatment

2. High-strength low alloy (HSLA) steel : 

High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel is a kind of combination steel that gives better mechanical properties or more prominent protection from consumption than carbon steel. HSLA steel varies from other steel in that they are not made to meet a particular chemical structure yet rather explicit mechanical properties. They have a carbon content between 0.05–0.25% to hold formability and weldability. Of the alloying components is to build hardenability so as to streamline mechanical properties and toughness after heat treatment           

3. High-alloy steel : 

High Alloy Steel is basically an alloy of iron which comprises Chromium of 10.5%. High combination steel similarly has over 10% blend of the alloy. Chromium conveys a flimsy layer of oxide on the outside of the steel known as the latent layer. They are dab exorbitant than low-alloy steel. This keeps any further utilization of the surface. Elevated levels of carbon and manganese are added to give austenitic nature to steel. Growing the proportion of Chromium gives an extended assurance from disintegration. Because of the high chromium content, high-alloy steel can restrict utilization. High-combination steel furthermore contains moving proportions of Silicon, Manganese, and Carbon.

Types of Carbon Steel – 

  1. low-carbon steel :

Low-carbon steel is characterized by a low ratio of carbon to iron. By definition, low-carbon consists of less than 0.30% of carbon. Also associated as mild steel. Low carbon steels are usually used in automobile body segments, structural shapes (I-beams, channel and angle iron), pipes, construction and bridge components, and food cans. Low-carbon steel is more flexible, which may increase its effectiveness for certain purposes while reducing its effectiveness for other applications.

2. Medium-carbon steel : 

Medium-carbon steel has a higher proportion of carbon to iron than low-carbon steel yet at the same time not as much as that of high-carbon steel. Medium-carbon steel contains somewhere in the range of 0.30% to 0.60% carbon. This product is further restricted than low carbon steel, and it is increasingly hard to frame, weld, and cut. Medium carbon steel is frequently solidified and tempered utilizing heat treatment.

3. High-carbon steel : 

High-carbon steel has the highest ratio of carbon to iron. It consists of more than 0.60% carbon. Generally known as “carbon tool steel”. High carbon steel is very tricky to cut, bend, and weld. Once the heat is treated it becomes remarkably hard and brittle.

Applications/Uses of Alloy Steel – 

  • High-temperature services such as Heater tubes, Alloy Steel Boiler Tubes
  • Low-temperature services such as Cryogenic application
  • Very High presser service such as Steam Header
  • Used in the construction of aircraft and heavy vehicles for crankshafts, camshafts and propellor shafts, etc.

They are found in military vehicles, construction equipment, ships, pipelines, pressure vessels, oil drilling platforms and in structural components, automotive applications, chemical processing and power generating equipment. Construction and architecture where strength, toughness and corrosion resistance are a prerequisite for the material. Jewellery, household items, cutlery, cook wear are all manufactured from alloy steel.

Applications/ Uses of Carbon Steel – 

Shipbuilding, wire, vehicle bodies and domestic appliances. It’s widely used for fabrication and panelling because it can’t be altered by heat treatment

Carbon steel is commonly used structurally in buildings and bridges, axles, gears, shafts, rails, pipelines and couplings, cars, fridges and washing machines. 

The disadvantage of high-carbon steel is that it is more expensive and harder to machine than alloys with less carbon.

Kalpataru Piping Solutions is a leading manufacturer and exporter stockist supplier of Alloy Steel Products & Carbon Steel Products

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